Solutions to Exercises

The solutions are placed here so that they do not interrupt the work of finding a derivation. Each records the whole argument, not only the answer or its main construction. In particular, an equality marked $\equiv$ is justified only by the computation, uniqueness, congruence, and structural rules of the theory under discussion.

Only chapters with mathematical exercises receive headings. The headings follow chapter order, and each non-practical exercise label occurs exactly once. Practical projects are developed in the separate programming-tutorial appendix.